Quantum computing
requires the development of the quantum bits with a long coherence time and
the ability to manipulate them in a fault tolerant manner. Both goals can be achieved by the realization
of a protected logical qubit formed by a collective state of an array of faulty
qubits (see, e.g. [1]). The building block (i.e. the faulty qubit) of
the array is the Josephson element with an effective Josephson
energy , which is p - periodic
in the phase difference
across the element (the so-called Josephson
rhombi). Recently
we made an essential step towards building a protected Josephson qubit by
fabricating the simplest protected circuit and demonstrating that the
low-energy quantum states of the circuit are protected from energy relaxation.
The circuit contains two rhombi; novel design of these elements reduces their sensitivity
to the offset charge asymmetry. We observed a ten-fold increase of the life
time of the
state
of this circuit due to the symmetry protection. The measured phase and charge
dependences of the energies of the
transition are in good agreement with our
numerical simulations. This demonstrates the capability of realization of
protected structures with the existing fabrication methods and the potential of
Josephson rhombi as the elements of protected qubits. The experiments provide a
solid foundation for the next stage – the implementation of a qubit based on
larger arrays of
elements where, according to the theoretical
predictions, much improved coherence is expected.