''A profound change has taken place during the present century in the opinions physicists have held on the mathematical foundations of their subject. Previously they supposed that the principles of Newtonian mechanics would provide the basis for the description of the whole of physical phenomenon and that all the theoretical physicists had to do was suitably to develop and apply these principles. With the recognition that there is no logical reason why Newtonian and classical principles should be valid outside the domains in which they have been experimentally verified has come the realization that departures from these principles are indeed necessary. Such departures find their expression through the introduction of new mathematical formalisms, new schemes of axioms and rules of manipulation, into the methods of theoretical physics.''
Year | Conceptual Development |
---|---|
Planck
1900 |
Quantized energy in Radiation. (Blackbody radiation) |
Einstein
1905 |
Quantum nature of light ''Photons''. |
Bohr
1913 |
First quantum model of Hydrogen Atom. |
de Broglie
1923 |
Wave-particle nature of electrons |
Heisenberg
1925 |
Matrix mechanics- . |
Heisenberg-Schrodinger-Born
1926 |
Solution of Hydrogen Atom( Heisenberg and Schrodinger)
-Schrodinger's Wave equation- Born's Probabilistic interpretation of the wavefunction. |
Dirac
1928 |
Relativistic Wave Equation for Electron. |
Einstein, Podosky, Rosenberg
1935 |
Non-locality of Quantum Mechanics |
Feynman
1947 |
Path integral . |
Bell
1964 |
Bell's inequalities |
Benioff
1980 |
Concept of Quantum Computer. |
Berry
1984 |
Geometrical Phase |
Elitzur - Vaidman
1993 |
Non-invasive Quantum Measurement |
Shore
1994 |
Polynomial-in-time algorithm for Quantum Cryptography. |