Probing the heart of matter with Kaons Douglas Bryman TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, B. C. Canada V6T 2A3 email: doug@triumf.ca K mesons have been a rich and often surprising source of information in particle physics since their discovery 50 years ago. Recently, the first evidence for the decay of a K+ meson to a charged pion and a neutrino-antineutrino pair was reported to occur near the predicted level of only one in ten billion decays. This is one of the rarest particle decays ever observed and represents an extremely stringent test of the present picture of fundamental particles and forces. In this colloquium, the K+ ==> pi+ nu-nubar experiment (E787 at Brookhaven National Laboratory) and related projects dealing with rare Kaon decays will be described to demonstrate how they enhance our current understanding of particle physics, and provide opportunities which may lead to discovery of new effects.