Answers and comments for the review activities and problems in Chapter 2.

GR

6. 0.8706, four.

7. Last one: A 2000C/day diet corresponds to an energy use of 97 J/s or 97 watts.

8. It decreases by a factor of 25.

Note: do not guess, but do it in detail (and you will be able to do more complicated examples easily): F₁ = A/1. F₂ = A/25. F₁/F₂ = (A/1)/(A/25) = 25.

14. The ratio of weights is R_E²/(R_E + h)². The numerator and denominator are close and it's not a good idea just to use a lot of numbers on the calculator to do this with the necessary accuracy. We don't show you how to do this properly until page 250! Let's try it here:

Expand the denominator to R_E² + 2hR_E + h² and neglect the last (tiny) term, so that the ratio becomes 1/(1 + 2h/R_E).

The binomial theorem (yes, that's what's on page 250), says that when x is much smaller than 1, (1 + x)^-1 = 1 - x ..., so that the ratio becomes 1 - 2h/R_E which here is 1 - .0028. We see that the two weights differ by 0.28% or about 0.03N.

P&RSB

8. 1h

10. e.g. 1eV = 1.602 x 10^-19J

14. The sun's pull is greater by a factor of 178.

16. (22/19)² = 1.34

18. Because Stiles would have had to be running with over 200 pounds of gold.

SSP

4. The amounts were equal 6 x 10⁹years ago.

5. q = 4.7 x 10^-7C