Mark Vogelsberger (MIT) Simulating Structure and Galaxy Formation Cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have evolved significantly over the last decade. In my talk I will describe recent efforts to model the large-scale distribution of galaxies with cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. After demonstrating the success of these simulations in terms of reproducing an enormous amount of observational data, I will also talk about their limitations and directions for further improvements over the next couple of years. Furthermore, I will also talk briefly about our new simulation campaign, the THESAN project, to study the epoch of re-ionization and the early Universe.